There are many grinding wheels and tools of different shapes and sizes. According to different grinding materials, binder materials and manufacturing processes, each type of grinding wheel has a certain scope of application. Improper selection will directly affect the machining accuracy, surface roughness and production efficiency. Therefore, the appropriate grinding wheel must be selected according to the specific situation. How to select grinding wheel correctly? Summarize the commonly used grinding wheels in grinding so that everyone can clearly choose the grinding wheel.
How to select ordinary grinding wheel
1、 Selection of ordinary grinding wheel
1. Choice of abrasive the choice of abrasive depends mainly on the workpiece material and heat treatment method
When grinding materials with high tensile strength, select abrasives with high toughness.
When grinding materials with low hardness and high elongation, brittle Abrasives should be selected.
When grinding high hardness materials, choose abrasive with higher hardness.
Select the abrasive that is not easy to process for chemical reaction.
Famous shark - stainless steel cutting grinding wheel
The most commonly used abrasives are brown corundum and white corundum, followed by black silicon carbide and green silicon carbide, and the rest are chromium corundum, single crystal corundum, microcrystalline corundum and zirconium corundum.
Brown corundum grinding wheel: brown corundum has high hardness and toughness. It is suitable for grinding metals with high tensile strength, such as carbon steel, alloy steel, malleable cast iron, hard bronze, etc. This abrasive has good grinding performance and wide adaptability. It is usually used to remove large amount of rough grinding. It is cheap and can be widely used.
White corundum grinding wheel: the hardness of white corundum is slightly higher than that of brown corundum, and the toughness is lower than that of brown corundum. During grinding, abrasive particles are easy to break. Therefore, the grinding heat is small. It is suitable for manufacturing grinding wheels for grinding hardened steel, high carbon steel, high-speed steel and thin-walled parts. The cost is higher than that of brown corundum.
Black silicon carbide grinding wheel: black silicon carbide is fragile and sharp, and its hardness is higher than that of white corundum. It is suitable for grinding materials with low mechanical strength, such as cast iron, brass, aluminum and refractory.
Green silicon carbide grinding wheel: green silicon carbide has higher hardness and brittleness than black silicon carbide, sharp abrasive particles and good thermal conductivity. It is suitable for grinding hard and brittle materials such as cemented carbide, optical glass and ceramics.
Chrome corundum grinding wheel: suitable for grinding workpieces with high surface processing quality such as cutting tools, measuring tools, instruments and threads.
Single crystal corundum grinding wheel: suitable for grinding high toughness and high hardness materials such as stainless steel and high vanadium high speed steel, as well as workpieces that are easy to deform and burn.
Microcrystalline corundum grinding wheel: suitable for grinding stainless steel, bearing steel and special nodular cast iron. It is used for forming grinding, cutting grinding and mirror grinding.
Zirconium corundum grinding wheel: suitable for grinding austenitic stainless steel, titanium alloy and heat-resistant alloy, especially for heavy-duty grinding.
Famous shark -- ordinary sanding wheel
2. The choice of particle size mainly depends on the surface roughness and grinding efficiency of the workpiece to be ground.
Particle size refers to the particle size of abrasive, and its size is expressed by particle size. When grinding with coarse sand wheel, the production efficiency is high, but the workpiece surface is rough. When grinding with fine grain grinding wheel, the workpiece surface roughness is better, but the productivity is lower. On the premise of meeting the roughness requirements, coarse-grained grinding wheel should be selected as far as possible to ensure high grinding efficiency. Generally, coarse sand wheel is selected for coarse grinding and fine grinding wheel is selected for fine grinding.
When the contact area between the grinding wheel and the workpiece is large, the grinding wheel with coarse particle size shall be selected. For example, when grinding the same plane, the grinding of the end face of the grinding wheel is rougher than that of the periphery of the grinding wheel.
3. The choice of hardness mainly depends on the material, grinding efficiency and surface quality of the workpiece to be ground.
Hardness refers to the difficulty of abrasive particles falling off under the action of external force. In order to meet the grinding requirements of different workpiece materials, the grinding wheel is processed into different hardness grades.
4. The selection of adhesive shall be considered according to grinding method, application speed, surface treatment requirements and other conditions.
The most commonly used grinding wheel binders are ceramic binder (V) and resin binder (b).
Ceramic bond is an inorganic bond with stable chemical properties, good heat resistance, corrosion resistance and large porosity. The grinding wheel made of the binder has high grinding efficiency and small wear, can better maintain the geometry of the grinding wheel, and has the widest application range. The grinding wheel is suitable for grinding ordinary carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, cast iron, cemented carbide, non-ferrous metals, etc. However, the ceramic bonded grinding wheel is fragile and can not withstand severe vibration. Generally speaking, it can only be used at a speed of less than 35 meters per second.
Resin adhesive is an organic adhesive. The grinding wheel made with the binder has high strength, certain elasticity, low heat resistance, good self sharpening, simple manufacture and short processing cycle. It can manufacture grinding wheels with working speed higher than 50m / s and very thin grinding wheels. Its application scope is second only to ceramic binder. It is widely used in rough grinding, rough grinding, cutting and free grinding, such as grinding steel ingots, deburring castings and so on. It can be used to manufacture high-speed and high-precision grinding wheels, heavy-duty grinding wheels, cutting grinding wheels and various grinding wheels with special requirements.
Metal cutting grinding wheel
5. The selection of organization mainly considers the pressure of workpiece, grinding method and material.
Microstructure refers to the percentage of abrasive particles in the volume of grinding wheel. The classification of grinding wheel microstructure grade is based on 62% microstructure with abrasive particle volume percentage of "0". When the volume of abrasive particles decreases by 2%, the tissue increases by 1, and so on. It is divided into 15 numbers. The more numbers, the looser the organization.
Compact grinding wheel can grind better workpiece surface. Due to the large clearance of the loosely organized grinding wheel, it can ensure that the grinding debris is contained in the grinding process and avoid the blockage of the grinding wheel. Generally speaking, when rough grinding and grinding soft metal, the grinding wheel is easy to be blocked, so the loose organization grinding wheel should be selected. In form grinding and precision grinding, in order to maintain the geometry of the grinding wheel and obtain better roughness, the grinding wheel with relatively tight structure should be selected. When grinding machine tool guide rails and cemented carbide tools, in order to reduce the thermal deformation of workpieces and avoid burns and cracks, loosely structured grinding wheels should be used. Grinding wheels larger than 12# are used to grind high heat sensitive materials, non-ferrous metals and non-metallic materials
6. The selection of shape and size shall be based on grinder conditions and workpiece shape.
Common grinding wheel shapes include plane grinding wheel, single-sided concave grinding wheel, double-sided concave grinding wheel, flake grinding wheel, cylindrical grinding wheel, bowl grinding wheel, dished No. 1 grinding wheel (D1), etc.
The shape and size of the grinding wheel that can be used by each grinder have a certain range. If possible, the outer diameter of the grinding wheel should be selected as large as possible to improve the linear speed of the grinding wheel, obtain higher productivity and workpiece surface quality, and the same effect can be obtained by increasing the width of the grinding wheel.
At present, the writing order of national standard grinding wheel is: grinding wheel code, size (outer diameter) × thickness × Pore diameter), abrasive particle, particle size, hardness, texture, binder, maximum working linear speed.
Tangshan Mingsha Hardware Abrasives Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Mingsha Abrasives) mainly produces and sells grinding wheels, metal cutting wheels and stainless steel cutting wheels. It is located in Tangshan Hanfeng Industrial Park. New and old customers are welcome to visit!
